When you step inside one of England’s oldest cathedrals, you’re not just visiting a place of worship—you’re walking through centuries of art, politics, power, and spiritual devotion. From the early days of Christianity to the Reformation and beyond, these magnificent buildings stand as living testaments to the country’s rich and layered past.
In this guide, you’ll explore the 10 oldest cathedrals in England, understand their architectural and cultural significance, and get tips on how to visit them—whether you’re planning a historical tour or just curious about England’s religious roots.
Why Explore the Oldest Cathedrals in England?
What Makes These Cathedrals Historically Significant?
Each of these cathedrals has stood the test of time for over a thousand years, surviving wars, fires, political shifts, and religious reforms. They are repositories of ancient knowledge, art, and engineering that shaped English society across generations.
How Do Cathedrals Reflect England’s Religious and Cultural Evolution?
From Anglo-Saxon chapels to Norman Romanesque and Gothic masterpieces, cathedral architecture mirrors the theological, social, and political changes that occurred throughout English history. Visiting them gives you insight into how religion influenced the development of towns, art, education, and monarchy.
What Role Did These Cathedrals Play in Early English Christianity?
Many of the oldest cathedrals were among the first centres of Christian conversion in Britain. They were home to early bishops and missionaries who helped spread Christianity across England from the 6th century onwards.
How Have These Cathedrals Influenced English Literature and Art?
These sacred spaces inspired writers like Chaucer and T.S. Eliot, as well as artists, composers, and architects. Their majestic structures and stories are deeply woven into English artistic identity.
The 10 Oldest Cathedrals in England (Ranked by Age)
England’s ancient cathedrals aren’t just religious buildings—they’re living historical landmarks filled with stories of kings, saints, architects, and reformers. Here’s a closer look at the 10 oldest cathedrals in England that have shaped the country’s religious and architectural landscape.
1. Canterbury Cathedral – Founded 597 AD
As the spiritual centre of the Church of England, Canterbury Cathedral is one of the most iconic Christian structures in the world. Established by St Augustine, it has witnessed over 1,400 years of Christian worship.
- Architectural Highlights: A fascinating mix of Norman and Gothic design. The Bell Harry Tower, constructed in the 15th century, is a breathtaking feature.
- Historical Significance: Site of the infamous murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170, which made it one of the most important medieval pilgrimage destinations.
- What to Look For: The stunning stained glass windows, medieval crypt, and the Becket shrine.
2. Rochester Cathedral – Founded 604 AD
Often overshadowed by Canterbury, Rochester Cathedral is England’s second-oldest and holds deep roots in the Roman mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons.
- Architectural Highlights: Excellent Romanesque west front from the 12th century, paired with later Early English Gothic additions.
- Historical Significance: Founded by King Ethelbert and St Justus, this cathedral has seen continuous Christian worship for over 1,400 years.
- What to Look For: The 13th-century quire screen, one of the oldest in England, and the beautiful cloisters.
3. York Minster – Earliest Church 627 AD
One of Europe’s greatest Gothic cathedrals, York Minster stands on the site where King Edwin of Northumbria was baptised in 627, marking an early milestone in English Christianity.
- Architectural Highlights: Known for its stained glass, including the Great East Window, the largest medieval stained glass window in the world.
- Historical Significance: York was the ecclesiastical capital of the north, playing a vital role during the Reformation and Civil War.
- What to Look For: The Undercroft Museum, which showcases Roman and Anglo-Saxon archaeological finds beneath the cathedral.
4. St Albans Cathedral – Built on Roman Site (8th Century)
Built on the site of Verulamium, a Roman town, St Albans Cathedral honours Saint Alban, Britain’s first Christian martyr, executed during the Roman occupation.
- Architectural Highlights: A unique combination of Saxon, Norman, and Gothic elements. The nave is the longest of any English cathedral.
- Historical Significance: The church’s foundation predates most of the medieval cathedrals and served as a major pilgrimage destination in the Middle Ages.
- What to Look For: The 13th-century wall paintings, rare surviving examples of medieval English art.
5. Winchester Cathedral – Old Minster Established 642 AD
Once the seat of Saxon kings, Winchester Cathedral is a masterpiece of medieval architecture and one of the largest cathedrals in Europe.
- Architectural Highlights: An imposing Perpendicular Gothic nave and remnants of earlier Norman work in the crypt.
- Historical Significance: Burial place of King Alfred the Great (allegedly) and Jane Austen, who is interred in the cathedral.
- What to Look For: The 11th-century crypt, often flooded, and the illuminated Winchester Bible on display.
6. Durham Cathedral – Founded 1093 AD
Perched dramatically on a peninsula above the River Wear, Durham Cathedral is a stunning example of Norman Romanesque architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Architectural Highlights: Famous for its ribbed vaulting, considered a prototype for Gothic architecture.
- Historical Significance: Built to house the relics of St Cuthbert, a revered Anglo-Saxon saint. It was a stronghold during the Norman Conquest.
- What to Look For: The Galilee Chapel, the tomb of the Venerable Bede, and scenes familiar from the Harry Potter films.
7. Lincoln Cathedral – Consecrated 1092 AD
Once reputed to be the tallest building in the world, Lincoln Cathedral exemplifies the grandeur of English Gothic design.
- Architectural Highlights: Famous for its flying buttresses, rose windows, and intricate carvings.
- Historical Significance: Destroyed by fire and an earthquake, Lincoln was rebuilt stronger and grander, playing a key role in medieval politics.
- What to Look For: The Lincoln Imp, a stone carving that became a local legend and symbol of mischief.
8. Ely Cathedral – Abbey Origins from 673 AD
Also known as the Ship of the Fens, Ely Cathedral is visible for miles around due to its towering presence above the surrounding flatlands.
- Architectural Highlights: Famous for its Octagon Tower, a feat of engineering and beauty that dominates the skyline.
- Historical Significance: Founded by St Etheldreda, a royal princess turned abbess. The cathedral stands on the site of her monastic foundation.
- What to Look For: The stunning Lady Chapel, the largest of its kind in England, and the magnificent wooden ceiling paintings.
9. Worcester Cathedral – Christian Worship Since 680 AD
Nestled by the River Severn, Worcester Cathedral is an architectural blend that tells the story of nearly every major style from Norman to Gothic.
- Architectural Highlights: A beautifully preserved crypt, Norman nave, and a magnificent tower with panoramic views.
- Historical Significance: Final resting place of King John and Prince Arthur, elder brother of Henry VIII.
- What to Look For: The Great West Window, 14th-century misericords, and the chantry of Prince Arthur.
10. Gloucester Cathedral – Religious Site Since 679 AD
One of the most visually stunning cathedrals, Gloucester is famed for its fan-vaulted cloisters and Harry Potter filming locations.
- Architectural Highlights: The Perpendicular Gothic style is best seen in the tower and cloisters.
- Historical Significance: Site of Edward II’s tomb, which attracted medieval pilgrims and brought wealth to the church.
- What to Look For: The Cloisters, a perfect photo spot, and the Great East Window, among the largest stained glass windows in Europe.
What Can You Discover in These Ancient Cathedrals?
Do These Cathedrals Still Retain Original Architectural Features?
Yes! Many still feature Saxon crypts, Norman arches, and Gothic naves, though most have been renovated or expanded over time.
What Architectural Styles Will You Encounter?
You’ll see:
- Romanesque (Norman) – Thick walls, round arches
- Gothic – Pointed arches, stained glass, vaulted ceilings
- Perpendicular Gothic – Tall windows, fan vaulting
Are There Hidden Crypts, Relics, or Tombs to Explore?
Absolutely. Most of these cathedrals house royal tombs, saints’ relics, and hidden chapels. Canterbury and St Albans are especially rich in this regard.
How Are These Sites Used Today Beyond Worship?
Many cathedrals double as:
- Concert venues
- Museums and heritage centres
- Venues for public debate, art, and cultural events
Comparing the 10 Oldest Cathedrals in England
Historical Timeline Table
| Cathedral | Foundation Year | Main Style | Key Figure/Event |
| Canterbury | 597 AD | Norman & Gothic | Martyrdom of Thomas Becket |
| Rochester | 604 AD | Romanesque | Oldest library in UK |
| York Minster | 627 AD | Gothic | Baptism of King Edwin |
| St Albans | 8th Century | Mixed Styles | Saint Alban’s martyrdom |
| Winchester | 642 AD | Early English Gothic | Kings’ burials, Jane Austen |
| Durham | 1093 AD | Norman | Tomb of St Cuthbert |
| Lincoln | 1092 AD | Gothic | Tallest medieval building |
| Ely | 673 AD | Norman & Gothic | Saint Etheldreda |
| Worcester | 680 AD | Mixed | Tomb of King John |
| Gloucester | 679 AD | Perpendicular Gothic | Filming site for Harry Potter |
Architectural Styles Overview
Most of these buildings evolved over centuries. A single cathedral may showcase Anglo-Saxon foundations, Norman towers, and Gothic windows, reflecting historical transitions.
Key Features & Pilgrimage Importance
Several were major pilgrimage sites, especially:
- Canterbury (Thomas Becket)
- St Albans (Saint Alban)
- Durham (St Cuthbert)
How to Plan a Visit to These Historic Cathedrals
Can You Visit All 10 in One Trip?
Technically yes, but you’d need 10–14 days to do it comfortably. It’s best to group them regionally, such as:
- South East: Canterbury, Rochester, Winchester
- Midlands: Lincoln, Worcester, Gloucester
- North: Durham, York
- East: Ely, St Albans
What Are the Best Times to Visit?
- Spring and Autumn: Fewer tourists, good weather
- Early weekdays: Avoid crowds and enjoy guided tours
- Christmas and Easter: Special services and choir performances
Are These Cathedrals Family-Friendly or Suitable for Solo Travellers?
Yes to both! Many have:
- Visitor centres with interactive exhibits
- Audio guides and child-friendly scavenger hunts
- Cafés and tranquil gardens
Do These Sites Offer Virtual Tours or Interactive Experiences?
Several cathedrals now offer 360° virtual tours, mobile apps, or augmented reality displays, especially York Minster and Canterbury.
Conclusion: Preserving England’s Ecclesiastical Heritage
Exploring the 10 oldest cathedrals in England isn’t just a historical trip—it’s a spiritual, architectural, and cultural journey. Each cathedral tells the story of England’s shifting identity, from pagan conversion to Christian tradition, from Saxon stone to Gothic spires.
Whether you’re an art lover, history enthusiast, or curious traveller, these cathedrals offer something timeless. By visiting or learning about them, you’re helping keep centuries of ecclesiastical heritage alive for generations to come.
FAQs About the Oldest Cathedrals in England
1. Are These Cathedrals Still Active Places of Worship?
Yes. All are active churches holding regular services, weddings, and community events.
2. Are There Entry Fees or Guided Tours Available?
Some cathedrals request a donation or small fee, especially for tower tours or museum access. Many also offer:
- Daily guided tours
- Choir performances
- Special exhibitions
3. Which Cathedral Is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Durham Cathedral is part of a UNESCO site, recognised for its architectural and cultural importance.
4. Which Is the Best Cathedral for Photography or History Lovers?
- Photography: Gloucester (stunning cloisters), York Minster (stained glass)
- History Buffs: Canterbury, St Albans, and Durham
5. Can You Attend a Traditional Church Service at These Sites?
Yes, and it’s highly recommended. Evensong services offer a unique chance to experience ancient liturgy in awe-inspiring surroundings.
6. What’s the Difference Between a Cathedral and an Abbey or Minster?
- Cathedral: Seat of a bishop
- Abbey: Originally a monastery, now often just a church
- Minster: Historical title for churches with missionary or royal status
I’m Laura Wilson, a passionate blogger and content creator with a deep interest in business, finance, and entrepreneurship. I’ve had the opportunity to write for several premium blogs, sharing insights & practical advice for individuals & small businesses. I’m the founder and publisher of ukbusinessmag.co.uk, where I focus on creating valuable, easy-to-understand content to help UK startups & SMEs grow.
